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A spool used to wrap up web or wire at the end of a process.
Industry:
Pulp and Paper
Customer Type:
User, OEM
Degree of Integration:
Complex
Ease of Application:
Medium
Performance Level Require
High
Suggested ABB Solutions:
ACS800
Required Drive Features Motor Control Type Regulation Type
The drive can control the rate of acceleration and deceleration of the motor and load. These features control the amount of time the drive takes to increase or decrease the output during speed control. Requires: A drive with programmable times sufficient for the application.
Each application has specific requirements for I/O. Analog I/O is generally used to read process signals and output signals proportional to drive status. Analog I/O is generally Voltage (0-10V) or Current (0(4)-20mA). The type and number required by the application must match the drive. Requires: A drive with sufficient number and type of analog I/O.
Applications often require a precise measurement of load speed. Typically, an encoder is mounted to the motor shaft and its signal is used to indicate shaft speed. The drive can then adjust its output to the desired condition. Closed loop offers the highest accuracy and performance. Requires: A drive with feedback capability, either as standard or as a plug-in option card.
Applications that involve multiple drives or drives controlled by PLC or other supervisory device often require communications via a defined network. Requires: A drive that has a standard or optional connection to the desired network.
Each application has specific requirements for I/O. Digital I/O is generally used to control the drive (Start, Stop, Jog, etc.) and annunciate the drive status. Requires: A drive that offers sufficient I/O and needed flexibility to perform all required func¬tions.
Applications that require rapid deceleration or quick stops can regenerate energy back to the drive. A dynamic brake dissipates this energy through a resistor as heat. Requires: A drive that has an internal DB chopper and connectable resistor or has an external DB kit.
High performance applications often demand nearly instant response to changes in speed or torque commands or input status changes. The higher the dynamic response, the more capable the drive is in meeting these demands. Requires: A drive that meets the response demands.
Most applications operate at speeds at or below the motor rated speed (typically 1800 RPM (60Hz)) for the US and 1500 RPM (50Hz) elsewhere. Other applications such as high speed grinders and winders need to operate at much higher speeds, sometimes with special motors. Requires: A drive that has a high enough maximum frequency to allow outputs high enough to achieve the needed motor speed.
Motors are rated by the manufacturer for the voltage resistance of the insulation system. If this insulation system voltage is too low, voltage reflection from the drive could cause motor failure. This is particularly important if the motor is a long distance from the drive and if the motor is an older motor being retained for the application. Requires: A drive that has the lowest dv/dt or long cable mode of operation.
Applications may require varying degrees of overload capacity for starting, accelerating, or intermittent duty. This overload capacity must be supplied by the drive as current and by the motor as torque. Requires: A drive that has sufficient overload capacity.
An internal function provides closed loop process control with proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control. The PID function reads an analog input to the drive and compares it to a desired setpoint. The PID loop adjusts the drive output frequency (and therefore the process) to make the input value equal the setpoint. Requires: A drive with one or more internal PID loops to eliminate the need for external hardware.
A feedback device on the motor or machine, typically an encoder or resolver, feeds position information to the drive. The drive compares this information to a desired setpoint and adjusts its output to place the load in the desired position. Requires: A drive that offers this control method when positioning without a separate positioning controller is needed.
Applications that control a continuous process cannot afford to stop because of short power outages or dips. The process must continue to run through these outages, typically 2 to 3 cycles long. Requires: A drive that has sufficient power loss ride-through capability.
Applications with significant inertia and low friction tend to coast when stop commands, power interruptions or fault conditions occur. Many of these application require that when the condition disappears, the load must be reconnected at the 'coasting' speed / direction and returned to normal operation. Requires: A drive with spinning motor reconnect or 'flying' start.
A squirrel-cage motor slips under load. To compensate for this, the frequency can be increased as the motor torque increases. Requires: A drive that provides adjustable slip compensation.
All applications operate over a given speed range, defined as the ratio of maximum continuous speed to minimum continuous speed. Requires: A drive that can produce the needed torque and speed torque regulation (accuracy) over the required speed range.
High-performance applications often require precise torque control at any speed and often in the face of power dips, load changes and other transients. They require excellent dynamic response and World Class torque regulation. This control may have to be exercised without the use of an encoder on the motor. Requires: A drive with ABB's Direct Torque Control (DTC) technology.
Sensorless Vector is a motor control method that is often used to maximize torque production in the motor for loads that have significant overload requirements. It is NOT a torque control (regulation) method. This algorithm maintains a constant magnetizing (flux) current from zero to base motor speed. The output voltage is increased proportional to load. Automatic or manual tuning identifies key motor parameters including IR drop and nominal flux current, allowing automatic voltage boost at low speeds proper flux current maintenance. Requires: A drive that offers this motor control method when torque production must be maximized.
Applications that depend on accurate speed to accomplish the task require a drive that can control or 'regulate' speed. Requires: A drive that regulates speed to the needed accuracy. Methods include open loop, slip compensation and encoder feedback.
Applications that depend on accurate torque to accomplish the task require a drive that can control or 'regulate' torque. These applications typically control tension or force to produce a high quality product. The motor slip plus magnitude and phase angle of the output current are controlled to produce the commanded torque. Requires: A drive that offers this motor control method when torque control is required.